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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by 大象APPor authored by 大象APPresearchers.

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1 to 12 of 12 Research Studies Displayed
Scott Wang HH, Hatoun J, Xu J
Adherence to urologic imaging guidelines after febrile urinary tract infection in infants.
This study investigated practice pattern variability and associated factors in pediatric febrile UTI (fUTI) imaging in primary care clinics. In 2011 the American Academy of Pediatrics created guidelines which recommended renal bladder ultrasound (RBUS) after fUTI and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) after abnormal RBUS or second fUTI. Overall, post-UTI imaging was adherent to the AAP guideline in 82 cases. Significant predictors of guideline adherence were commercial insurance, more providers in the practice, and younger provider age after adjusting for patient's age, sex, maximal temperature during fUTI.
AHRQ-funded; HS029526.
Citation: Scott Wang HH, Hatoun J, Xu J . Adherence to urologic imaging guidelines after febrile urinary tract infection in infants. J Pediatr Urol 2025 Jun; 21(3):700-05. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.02.024..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Imaging, Guidelines
Wang HS, Cheng AD, Cai J
Practice variation and guideline compliance in urologic imaging after initial urinary tract infection in children.
This study鈥檚 objective was to investigate practice variability and drivers of imaging after febrile UTI (fUTI). The primary outcome was compliance with American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines regarding genitourinary (GU) imaging after the first or second fUTI, and secondary outcomes were whether patients received GU imaging and the timing of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Overall adherence to the AAP guidelines was 41%. Thirty-two percent of patients received no GU imaging. Compliance was associated with younger age and inpatient treatment. The receipt of any imaging was associated with younger age, female patients, inpatient treatment, and private insurance.
AHRQ-funded; HS029526.
Citation: Wang HS, Cheng AD, Cai J . Practice variation and guideline compliance in urologic imaging after initial urinary tract infection in children. Urology 2025 Jun; 200:191-97. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2025.04.025..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Imaging, Guidelines
Mangus CW, Janke AT, Mahajan P
MRI adoption in pediatric appendicitis: trends and outcomes.
The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) adoption trends and to evaluate the association of MRI adoption with appendicitis complications. Subjects were pediatric patients less than 19 years old with appendicitis at pediatric emergency departments. Findings indicated that children's hospitals have slowly adopted MRI for appendicitis, but most still rely on computed tomography.
AHRQ-funded; HS026503; HS029523.
Citation: Mangus CW, Janke AT, Mahajan P . MRI adoption in pediatric appendicitis: trends and outcomes. Hosp Pediatr 2025 May; 15(5):416-22. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2024-008077..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Surgery, Imaging
Brink FW, Adler B, Bambach S
Using deep learning for estimation of time-since-injury in pediatric accidental fractures.
The purpose of this study was to develop artificial intelligence tools for more accurately determining when pediatric bone fractures occurred. Researchers analyzed radiographic images of accidental long bone fractures from 399 children under age six treated at a Midwestern children's hospital. They created deep learning models to both classify fractures into different age groups and directly estimate fracture age. The research team evaluated model performance through various metrics including confusion matrices and error measurements. Their best-performing model could estimate fracture age for any long bone with a mean absolute error of 6.2 days, with 68% of estimates falling within one week of the actual fracture age. This represents significant improvement over current fracture dating methods, which often provide only broad timeframes.
AHRQ-funded; HS028847.
Citation: Brink FW, Adler B, Bambach S . Using deep learning for estimation of time-since-injury in pediatric accidental fractures. Pediatr Radiol 2025 May; 55(6):1257-69. doi: 10.1007/s00247-025-06223-4..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Injuries and Wounds, Imaging
Vissa M, Parikh P, McCulloch C
Improving completion rates of transcranial doppler ultrasounds in children with sickle cell disease using quality improvement efforts: in-clinic versus population-based assessments.
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) screening has been found to be essential for stroke prevention in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), but national screening rates are low. This study used Medicaid administrative claims to assess TCD completion rates before and after a 12-month quality indicator (QI) initiative to improve rates in the Pacific Sickle Cell Regional Collaborative (PSCRC). The authors found an increase in TCD screening rates for QI participant sites (52.4% to 58.6%), but not for the nonparticipant SCD population (48.3% to 38.3%). The increase in QI participant sites was not sustained 1 year after the end of the initiative. They suggest that local clinic-level QI initiatives may need to be supplemented with health system partnerships to sustain higher TCD screening rates, thereby improving SCD outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS025297.
Citation: Vissa M, Parikh P, McCulloch C . Improving completion rates of transcranial doppler ultrasounds in children with sickle cell disease using quality improvement efforts: in-clinic versus population-based assessments. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2025 Apr; 72(4):e31549. doi: 10.1002/pbc.31549..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Sickle Cell Disease, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Imaging, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Guenette JP, Lee J, Haneuse S
Patient photograph association with radiologist recommendations for additional imaging.
The purpose of this study was to assess whether displaying patient photographs in electronic health records affects radiologists' recommendations for additional imaging, and whether certain demographics modify this association. This retrospective study analyzed 60,543 head and neck CT or MRI reports from 48,143 patients across a multi-institution healthcare system. Patient photographs were displayed for 18.2% of reports, and 7.5% of reports included recommendations for additional imaging. After adjusting for multiple factors including age, sex, complexity score, race, and area deprivation index, reports signed when a photograph was displayed had significantly lower odds of containing recommendations for additional imaging.
AHRQ-funded; HS029348; HS029839.
Citation: Guenette JP, Lee J, Haneuse S . Patient photograph association with radiologist recommendations for additional imaging. J Am Coll Radiol 2025 Apr; 22(4):478-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.10.018.
Keywords: Imaging, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Lin Y, Hoyt AC, Manuel VG
Risk-stratified screening: a simulation study of scheduling templates on daily mammography recalls.
This simulation study assessed the potential impact of risk-stratified screening (RSS) scheduling on patients recommended for same-day diagnostic testing for potentially abnormal mammograms. The RSS design sequences patients in the screening schedule using cancer risk categories developed from Tyrer-Cuzick and deep learning model scores. The results suggested that RSS scheduling could reduce variance in follow-up appointments.
AHRQ-funded; HS029257.
Citation: Lin Y, Hoyt AC, Manuel VG . Risk-stratified screening: a simulation study of scheduling templates on daily mammography recalls. J Am Coll Radiol 2025 Mar; 22(3):297-306. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.12.010..
Keywords: Imaging, Screening, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer
Alpert E, Wood JN, Shults J
Variation in use of neuroimaging in the care of infants undergoing subspecialty evaluations for abuse: a multicenter study.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to quantify hospital-level differences in the utilization of neuroimaging to evaluate for intracranial injury in infants undergoing subspecialty evaluations for physical abuse who did not show symptoms of head trauma. Variations were not linked to race/ethnicity or insurance type but were associated with younger age, rib fractures, and hospital practices, suggesting a need for standardized care guidelines.
AHRQ-funded; HS028847.
Citation: Alpert E, Wood JN, Shults J . Variation in use of neuroimaging in the care of infants undergoing subspecialty evaluations for abuse: a multicenter study. Acad Pediatr 2025 Mar; 25(2):102597. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.10.009..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Imaging, Brain Injury, Trauma
Lange JM, Gard CC, O'Meara ES
Breast density and risk of breast cancer: masking and detection bias.
Using data from women in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, researchers investigated the association between breast density and breast cancer risk. The results of sensitivity analyses suggested that higher breast density is robustly associated with increased risk of breast cancer onset, similar in magnitude to increased risk of breast cancer diagnosis.
AHRQ-funded; HS018366.
Citation: Lange JM, Gard CC, O'Meara ES . Breast density and risk of breast cancer: masking and detection bias. Am J Epidemiol 2025 Feb 5; 194(2):441-48. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae245..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Imaging, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Baird TA, Previtera M, Brady S
A scoping review of risk presentation in patient decision aids: communicating risk in imaging.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review of patient decision aids in medical imaging and describe the presentation techniques of imaging risks. The authors found inconsistent communication of risks. Most aids presented risks in text form, with visual formats like icon arrays used less consistently. This variability may impact patient decision-making, particularly for those with lower health literacy.
AHRQ-funded; HS026393.
Citation: Baird TA, Previtera M, Brady S . A scoping review of risk presentation in patient decision aids: communicating risk in imaging. J Am Coll Radiol 2025 Feb; 22(2):172-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.05.014..
Keywords: Imaging, Risk, Communication, Clinician-Patient Communication
Giess CS, Lynch E, Lacson R
Patient, examination, and system factors associated with completed follow-up for probably benign (BI-RADS 3) breast findings in a large, complex health care system.
This retrospective study examined factors associated with completed follow-up imaging for probably benign (BI-RADS 3) breast findings across a large healthcare system in 2021. Among 8,834 examinations, 76.7% had completed follow-up within 15 months. Multivariable analysis identified several factors associated with incomplete follow-up: ultrasound or MRI examinations versus mammography, Asian race, age under 40, non-married status, public insurance or self-pay status, delayed order placement, and orders placed by non-primary care providers. Contrary to expectations, socioeconomic disadvantage measured by area deprivation index was not associated with incomplete follow-up. These findings identify specific patient demographics and system factors that could be targeted to improve adherence to recommended imaging follow-up.
AHRQ-funded; HS029348.
Citation: Giess CS, Lynch E, Lacson R . Patient, examination, and system factors associated with completed follow-up for probably benign (BI-RADS 3) breast findings in a large, complex health care system. Acad Radiol 2025 Feb; 32(2):681-90. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.09.037..
Keywords: Imaging, Screening, Women, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer
Plimpton SR, Milch H, Sears C
External validation of a commercial artificial intelligence algorithm on a diverse population for detection of false negative breast cancers.
The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the ability of AI to detect false negative cancers that were not detected at the time of screening. An AI algorithm was applied to patients who had undergone screening full-field digital mammography (FFDM) or digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) at one institution. AI was able to detect cancers that were missed by the radiologist; the authors concluded that studies were needed to evaluate the synergy of AI and radiologists in real-world settings, especially on DBT examinations.
AHRQ-funded; HS029257.
Citation: Plimpton SR, Milch H, Sears C . External validation of a commercial artificial intelligence algorithm on a diverse population for detection of false negative breast cancers. J Breast Imaging 2025 Jan 25; 7(1):16-26. doi: 10.1093/jbi/wbae058..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Women, Imaging, Health Information Technology (HIT)

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