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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by 大象APPor authored by 大象APPresearchers.

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1 to 25 of 784 Research Studies Displayed
Kirby JB, Keenan PS, Zodet M
大象APPAuthor: Kirby JB, Keenan PS, Zodet M
The association between high ambient temperature and the risk of emergency department visits in the USA.
This study used MEPS data to investigate the association between high temperatures and risk of emergency department (ED) visits. MEPS data was linked to county-level monthly temperature data from the 大象APPSocial Determinants of Health (SDOH) Database. Analysis was conducted at the person-month level and the sample was restricted to April through September. Overall, 1.45% of people had an ED visit during a particular month and the risk of having an ED visit was 22% higher in the hottest months compared to the coolest. There was a significantly higher association between heat and the risk of having an ED visit among Hispanic individuals, those with low self-rated health, and those with Medicaid coverage. Among Hispanics, the risk was 36% higher in the hottest months, for those in poor or fair self-rated health it was 34% higher, and for those with Medicaid as their primary insurance the risk was 49% higher.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Kirby JB, Keenan PS, Zodet M . The association between high ambient temperature and the risk of emergency department visits in the USA. J Gen Intern Med 2025 May; 40(6):1470-72. doi: 10.1007/s11606-024-09182-y.
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Emergency Department, Risk
Reese TJ, Wiese AD, Leech AA
Adapting a risk prediction tool for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.
This study鈥檚 goal was to adapt a risk prediction tool for a neonatal opioid withdrawal system (NOWS) in infants with chronic opioid exposure. This prognostic study included 33,991 births, with the severe NOWS model using 37 predictors. Severe NOWS was defined as administration of oral morphine. The authors conducted a decision curve analysis with chronic opioid exposure defined as the mother receiving a diagnosis for opioid use disorder (OUD) or a prescription for long-acting opioids before delivery. The cohort included 108 infants treated with oral morphine for NOWS, and 1243 infants with chronic opioid exposure. The strongest predictor for NOWS was mothers鈥 diagnoses of OUD. The decision curve analysis showed a higher benefit with the model across all levels of risk, compared with using the guideline criteria.
AHRQ-funded; HS029695.
Citation: Reese TJ, Wiese AD, Leech AA . Adapting a risk prediction tool for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Pediatrics 2025 Apr; 155(4):e2024068673. doi: 10.1542/peds.2024-068673..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Risk, Maternal Health
Lamina T, Brandt S, Abdi HI
The effect of protein intake on bone disease, kidney disease, and sarcopenia: a systematic review.
This systematic review examined the association between dietary protein intake and the risk of bone disease, kidney disease, and sarcopenia to inform protein dietary reference intake updates. The authors included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, and nested case-control studies examining dietary protein intake without exercise. They assessed the risk of bias (RoB), performed a qualitative synthesis of low to moderate RoB studies, and evaluated the strength of evidence. Of 82 articles detailing 81 unique studies, only 13 were assessed with low to moderate RoB and synthesized, comprising bone disease, kidney disease, and sarcopenia. The overarching evidence was insufficient, largely due to the limited number of low to moderate RoB studies, the diversity of dietary protein interventions, and the broad range of outcomes. There was sparse literature on children and adolescents, and only a single study each examined the impact of dietary protein intake on bone disease risk (yielding mixed findings) in these populations and on kidney disease. Findings on the impact of protein intake on bone disease in adults and sarcopenia risk were mixed.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00008.
Citation: Lamina T, Brandt S, Abdi HI . The effect of protein intake on bone disease, kidney disease, and sarcopenia: a systematic review. Curr Dev Nutr 2025 Mar; 9(3):104546. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104546.
Keywords: Kidney Disease and Health, Evidence-Based Practice, Nutrition, Risk
Alba C, Xue B, Abraham J
The foundational capabilities of large language models in predicting postoperative risks using clinical notes.
The purpose of this study was to bridge the gap in clinical notes recorded during the perioperative process for patients. Using nearly 85,000 preoperative clinical notes, large language models (LLMs) significantly outperformed traditional models in predicting postoperative risks. The best predictive performance occurred with models fine-tuned by incorporating both self-supervised learning and labeled data; highest performance compared to self-supervision occurred with a unified foundation model, underscoring the potential utility of LLMs for perioperative care.
AHRQ-funded; HS029324.
Citation: Alba C, Xue B, Abraham J . The foundational capabilities of large language models in predicting postoperative risks using clinical notes. NPJ Digit Med 2025 Feb 11; 8(1):95. doi: 10.1038/s41746-025-01489-2..
Keywords: Surgery, Risk
Lee R, Ding T, Riddell CA
Incidence of and risk factors for subsequent lower respiratory tract infection following an infant RSV hospitalization.
Researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization to examine the risk of at least one other medically attended lower respiratory tract infection (MA LRTI) following RSV. Findings showed that 15% had at least one subsequent MA LRTI within the same RSV season. The researchers concluded that these results highlight the importance of increasing accessible RSV LRTI preventive interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018454.
Citation: Lee R, Ding T, Riddell CA . Incidence of and risk factors for subsequent lower respiratory tract infection following an infant RSV hospitalization. Children 2025 Feb 2; 12(2). doi: 10.3390/children12020183..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Risk
Baird TA, Previtera M, Brady S
A scoping review of risk presentation in patient decision aids: communicating risk in imaging.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review of patient decision aids in medical imaging and describe the presentation techniques of imaging risks. The authors found inconsistent communication of risks. Most aids presented risks in text form, with visual formats like icon arrays used less consistently. This variability may impact patient decision-making, particularly for those with lower health literacy.
AHRQ-funded; HS026393.
Citation: Baird TA, Previtera M, Brady S . A scoping review of risk presentation in patient decision aids: communicating risk in imaging. J Am Coll Radiol 2025 Feb; 22(2):172-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.05.014..
Keywords: Imaging, Risk, Communication, Clinician-Patient Communication
Topaz M, Davoudi A, Evans L
Building a time-series model to predict hospitalization risks in home health care: insights into development, accuracy, and fairness.
This study aimed to develop a time-series risk model to predict hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in patients in home healthcare (HHC), examine model performance over various prediction windows, identify top predictive variables and map them to data standards, and assess model fairness across demographic subgroups. The authors looked at a total of 27,222 HHC adverse episodes that occurred between 2015 and 2017. Using Medicare claims data, the study used health care process modeling of electronic health records, including clinical notes processed with natural language processing techniques. A risk prediction model was developed using a Light Gradient Boost Machine algorithm. The model achieved high predictive performance, with 20 top predictive variables identified. A large majority (85%) of these variables mapped completely to the US Core Data for Interoperability standard. There were performance disparities across demographic and socioeconomic groups, with lower model effectiveness for more historically underserved populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS027742.
Citation: Topaz M, Davoudi A, Evans L . Building a time-series model to predict hospitalization risks in home health care: insights into development, accuracy, and fairness. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2025 Feb; 26(2):105417. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105417..
Keywords: Home Healthcare, Hospitalization, Risk
Growdon ME, Jing B, Yaffe K
High-risk medication use among older adults with cognitive impairment living alone in the United States.
This cross-sectional study examined medication use patterns among older adults with cognitive impairment who live alone. Using National Health and Aging Trends Study data and Medicare claims (2015-2017), researchers analyzed 1,569 older adults with cognitive impairment, of whom 491 (representing 31% nationally) lived alone. These individuals had a mean age of 79.9 years, were predominantly female (66%), and most managed medications independently鈥64% without difficulty and 14% with difficulty. They used a median of 5 medications, with 16% taking 10 or more medications and 46% taking at least one high-risk medication. Common high-risk medications included anticholinergics/sedatives (24%), opioids (13%), anticoagulants (10%), sulfonylureas (10%), and insulin (9%). While high-risk medication use was similar between those living alone and those living with others, individuals living alone were more likely to take high-risk medications without medication management assistance (34% versus 23%).
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Growdon ME, Jing B, Yaffe K . High-risk medication use among older adults with cognitive impairment living alone in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024 Dec; 72(12):3719-29. doi: 10.1111/jgs.19108.
Keywords: Medication, Dementia, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Risk
Gasoyan H, Deshpande A, Imrey PB
Potential implications of using locally validated risk factors for drug-resistant pathogens in patients with community-acquired pneumonia in US hospitals: a cross-sectional study.
An analysis of community-acquired pneumonia treatment examined data from 50 U.S. hospitals between 2010 and 2015, evaluating antibiotic prescription practices in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. The study investigated how following current guidelines for treating drug-resistant infections would affect antibiotic usage patterns. The research compared outcomes between using hospital-specific risk factors versus general risk criteria when deciding on extended-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Hospital practices showed wide variation, with 19-75% of patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics. The investigation revealed that implementing either risk-based approach would substantially reduce extended-spectrum antibiotic use, though effects varied among facilities.
AHRQ-funded; HS024277.
Citation: Gasoyan H, Deshpande A, Imrey PB . Potential implications of using locally validated risk factors for drug-resistant pathogens in patients with community-acquired pneumonia in US hospitals: a cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis 2024 Nov 22; 79(5):1277-82. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae448.
Keywords: Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Community-Acquired Infections, Risk, Hospitals
Xu Z, Evans L, Song J
Exploring home healthcare clinicians' needs for using clinical decision support systems for early risk warning.
This study鈥檚 objective was to explore home healthcare (HHC) clinicians' needs for Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) information delivery for early risk warning within HHC workflows. Using the CDS 鈥淔ive-Rights鈥 framework as a guide, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 multidisciplinary clinicians. The interviews yielded 16 codes mapping to the CDS "Five-Rights" framework (right information, right person, right format, right channel, right time) and 11 codes for unintended consequences and training needs. Clinicians favored risk levels displayed in color-coded horizontal bars and preferred non-intrusive risk alerts requiring mandatory confirmation. They anticipated risk information updates aligned with patient's condition severity and their visit pace, and also requested training to understand the CDSS's underlying logic and raised concerns about information accuracy and data privacy.
AHRQ-funded; HS027742.
Citation: Xu Z, Evans L, Song J . Exploring home healthcare clinicians' needs for using clinical decision support systems for early risk warning. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024 Nov; 31(11):2641-50. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocae247.
Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Health Information Technology (HIT), Home Healthcare, Risk
Kernizan D, Connolly S, Turpin D
Is family history for the management of cardiovascular health in youth still relevant in clinical practice?
The purpose of this review was to examine the relevance of family history screening in managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in youth. Recent findings showed that knowledge of individual family history can help clinicians identify inherited risk as well as familial clustering of unhealthy behaviors and environmental factors contributing to enhanced CVD risk. The authors concluded that integrating family history into clinical practice is crucial for cardiovascular risk assessment but may be more reflective of social factors in some cases.
AHRQ-funded; HS026393.
Citation: Kernizan D, Connolly S, Turpin D . Is family history for the management of cardiovascular health in youth still relevant in clinical practice? https://www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39190218.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Family Health and History, Children/Adolescents, Risk
Chase BA, Frigerio R, Rubin S
An integrative migraine polygenic risk score is associated with age at onset but not chronification.
This retrospective clinical/genetic case-control study examined the use of a newly created integrative migraine polygenic risk scores (PRS) developed from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data to predict chronification. The authors analyzed the strength of association between an integrative migraine PRS and age at onset and chronification. They calculated PGS004799 for adults with European ancestry from two real-world community cohorts. For the DodoNA cohort, they included 1653 treated, deeply phenotyped migraine cases, diagnosed using International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition criteria, who were followed for a mean (range) of 2.3 years and compared them to 3460 controls (without migraine diagnosis). The GHI cohort had 2443 cases who were compared to 8576 controls (without migraine ICD codes). In both cohorts, PRS was higher in cases, and a higher PRS was associated with earlier onset in females and in males. PRS was not different in cases with or without chronification and was not associated with earlier chronification.
AHRQ-funded; HS024057.
Citation: Chase BA, Frigerio R, Rubin S . An integrative migraine polygenic risk score is associated with age at onset but not chronification. J Clin Med 2024 Oct 29; 13(21). doi: 10.3390/jcm13216483.
Keywords: Genetics, Risk, Neurological Disorders
Wallace AS, Bristol AA, Johnson EP
Impact of social risk screening on discharge care processes and postdischarge outcomes: a pragmatic mixed-methods clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research evaluated a social risk screening protocol's impact at a 528-bed academic medical center, analyzing 4,130 patient discharges from medicine and surgical services. The implementation phase showed decreased family interaction and earlier discharge times. The study found no significant changes in patient-reported discharge readiness, post-discharge coping, readmissions, or emergency department visits. Healthcare providers expressed reservations about the structured assessment approach. The findings suggest that successful social risk screening programs require collaborative design with patients, families, and care teams, along with adequate resources for addressing identified needs.
AHRQ-funded; HS026248.
Citation: Wallace AS, Bristol AA, Johnson EP . Impact of social risk screening on discharge care processes and postdischarge outcomes: a pragmatic mixed-methods clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic. Med Care 2024 Oct; 62(10):639-49. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000002048..
Keywords: Hospital Discharge, Social Determinants of Health, COVID-19, Risk, Outcomes
Watson BN, Estenson L, Eden AR
大象APPAuthor: Eden AR, Gerstein MT, Dotson VM, Bierman AS
Person-centered care planning for people living with or at risk for multiple chronic conditions.
This AHRQ-authored paper analyzed the comments received after an 大象APPRequest for Information (RFI) published in the Federal Register on person-centered care planning (PCCP) for people living with or at risk for multiple chronic conditions (MCC). Comments were received between September 16, 2022, and November 15, 2022. A total of 58 comments were received, including clinicians, researchers, patients, caregivers, and representatives from health care payer, practitioner, health system, advocacy, professional, and supporting nonprofit and industry organizations. The authors identified 9 themes: (1) suboptimal quality of care; (2) person-centered, goal-concordant care; (3) multidisciplinary team-based care and care coordination; (4) prevention across the life course; (5) digital health solutions; (6) workflow; (7) education and self-management support; (8) payment; and (9) achieving community, health system, and payer goals.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Watson BN, Estenson L, Eden AR . Person-centered care planning for people living with or at risk for multiple chronic conditions. JAMA Netw Open 2024 Oct; 7(10):e2439851. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.39851.
Keywords: Patient-Centered Healthcare, Chronic Conditions, Risk
Lacson R, Haj-Mirzaian A, Burk K
A model for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer using prostate MRI and risk factors.
The goal of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) by using MRI and patient risk factors. Men diagnosed with csPCa were identified from a population who underwent MRI. Variables that predicted csPCa were Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores of 4 and 5, the presence of extra-prostatic extension, and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density. The authors concluded that the point-based model used in this study had the potential to identify increased numbers of men at risk for csPCa, while avoiding biopsy in about 20% of men with elevated PSA levels.
AHRQ-funded; HS029348.
Citation: Lacson R, Haj-Mirzaian A, Burk K . A model for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer using prostate MRI and risk factors. J Am Coll Radiol 2024 Sep; 21(9):1419-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.02.035..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Imaging, Screening, Risk
Ahmad FS, Hu TL, Adler ED
Performance of risk models to predict mortality risk for patients with heart failure: evaluation in an integrated health system.
The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the Machine learning Assessment of RisK and EaRly mortality in Heart Failure (MARKER-HF) model. Data from adults with heart failure were abstracted from electronic health records at a large integrated health system and compared with two commonly used risk scores: the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) and Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic (MAGGIC) Heart Failure Risk Score. Both SHFM and MAGGIC required a considerably larger amount of data engineering and imputation to generate risk score estimates when compared with MARKER-HF. The authors concluded that these findings suggested that MARKER-HF is an easier tool to identify high-risk patients in ambulatory clinics who could benefit from referral to a specialist.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Ahmad FS, Hu TL, Adler ED . Performance of risk models to predict mortality risk for patients with heart failure: evaluation in an integrated health system. Clin Res Cardiol 2024 Sep; 113(9):1343-54. doi: 10.1007/s00392-024-02433-2..
Keywords: Mortality, Risk, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions
Hammond CJ, Van Eck K, Adger H
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth substance use and substance-related risk factors and outcomes: implications for prevention, treatment, and policy.
This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth substance use and substance-related risk factors and outcomes. During the pandemic, substance use prevalence rates decreased in the general population of US youth but increased for certain vulnerable subgroups. Fentanyl overdose deaths also rose significantly among US youth. The impact has implications for prevention, treatment, and policy.
AHRQ-funded; HS029351.
Citation: Hammond CJ, Van Eck K, Adger H . Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth substance use and substance-related risk factors and outcomes: implications for prevention, treatment, and policy. Pediatr Clin North Am 2024 Aug; 71(4):653-69. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2024.05.002..
Keywords: COVID-19, Children/Adolescents, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Prevention, Risk
Cole AM, Keppel GA, Baldwin LM
Implementation strategies used by facilitators to improve control of cardiovascular risk factors in primary care.
This cross-sectional analysis of data was conducted to identify implementation strategies that practice facilitators used and the frequency of use in the Healthy Hearts Northwest (H2N) study to improve the quality of cardiovascular care in primary care. Researchers coded H2N study field notes for a purposeful sample of practices to identify Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change (ERIC) strategies used with each practice. They identified 26 strategies used by facilitators; five strategies were foundational. The researchers concluded that commonly used strategies can help to guide development of core components of practice facilitation strategies.
AHRQ-funded; HS023908.
Citation: Cole AM, Keppel GA, Baldwin LM . Implementation strategies used by facilitators to improve control of cardiovascular risk factors in primary care. J Am Board Fam Med 2024 Aug; 37(3):444-54. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2023.230312R1..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Primary Care, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care
Mabry-Hernandez I, Agarwal R
大象APPAuthor: Mabry-Hernandez I
Screening for anxiety, depression, and suicide risk in children and adolescents.
This AHRQ-authored case study includes questions and answers based on the final recommendations of the USPSTF on screening for anxiety, depression, and suicide risk in children and adolescents. It presents an imaginary case study of a 13-year-old patient with a history of eczema but no other issues. Three questions and answers for clinicians about the final recommendations are presented along with references.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Agarwal R . Screening for anxiety, depression, and suicide risk in children and adolescents. Am Fam Physician 2024 Jul; 110(1):93-94..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Screening, Depression, Behavioral Health, Risk, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Kostick-Quenet KM, Lang B, Dorfman N
Patients' and physicians' beliefs and attitudes towards integrating personalized risk estimates into patient education about left ventricular assist device therapy.
This study explored stakeholder attitudes toward the utility, acceptability, usefulness, and best practices for integrating personalized risk (PR) estimates into patient education and decision making about Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD). This was a 5-year multi-institutional 大象APPproject where the authors conducted 40 interviews with stakeholders (physicians, nurse coordinators, patients, and caregivers) and analyzed using Thematic Content Analysis. All stakeholder groups voiced positive views towards PR integration in decision making. Physicians felt PR can improve their decision making by enhancing insight into outcomes, enhance tailored pre-emptive care, increase confidence in decisions, and reduce bias and subjectivity. All stakeholder groups raised concerns about accuracy, representativeness and relevance of algorithms; predictive uncertainty; utility in relation to physician's expertise; potential negative reactions among patients; and overreliance.
AHRQ-funded; HS027784.
Citation: Kostick-Quenet KM, Lang B, Dorfman N . Patients' and physicians' beliefs and attitudes towards integrating personalized risk estimates into patient education about left ventricular assist device therapy. Patient Educ Couns 2024 May; 122:108157. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108157.
Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Risk, Cardiovascular Conditions
Lee CT, Selvan K, Adegunsoye A
Risk factors for hospital readmission in patients with interstitial lung disease.
This retrospective analysis of subjects enrolled in the University of Chicago ILD Natural History registry investigated the prevalence, features, and comorbidities of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and their subsequent re-hospitalizations. Hospital readmission from any cause was found to be a common occurrence in patients with ILD. The authors recommended that further efforts to improve quality of life focus on risk scores for readmission, mitigating racial health disparities, and treatment of comorbidities.
AHRQ-funded; HS027804.
Citation: Lee CT, Selvan K, Adegunsoye A . Risk factors for hospital readmission in patients with interstitial lung disease. Respir Care 2024 Apr 22; 69(5):586-94. doi: 10.4187/respcare.11459..
Keywords: Hospital Readmissions, Risk, Respiratory Conditions
Goldman S, Zhao J, Bieber B
Gastric acid suppression therapy and its association with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS).
This study鈥檚 goal was to determine whether gastric acid suppression (GAS) (proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA)) use was associated with all-cause and organism-specific peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The authors used data from the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (595 facilities, 8 countries, years 2014-2022), and associations between GAS use and time to first episode of all-cause peritonitis was examined. Out of a total of 23,797 baseline study patients, 6020 (25.3%) used PPIs, and 1382 (5.8%) used H2RAs. Overall risks of GAS use and peritonitis risk [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=1.05), and use of PPI (AHR 1.06) or H2RA (AHR 1.02) did not reach statistical significance. In organism-specific analyses, GAS users displayed higher peritonitis risks for gram-negative (AHR 1.29), gram-positive (AHR 1.15), culture-negative (AHR 1.20), enteric (AHR 1.23), and particularly Streptococcal (AHR 1.47) peritonitis episodes. GAS was also associated with higher overall mortality (AHR 1.13).
AHRQ-funded; HS025756.
Citation: Goldman S, Zhao J, Bieber B . Gastric acid suppression therapy and its association with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS). Kidney360 2024 Mar 1; 5(3):370-79. doi: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000325..
Keywords: Kidney Disease and Health, Adverse Events, Risk
Wadhwani SI, Pantell MS MS, Winestone LE
Subspecialty pediatrics: an unmet opportunity to address unmet social risks.
The purpose of this paper was to apply a model for patient-care-related social care activities defined by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). The researchers propose a more complete approach to social care that purposefully includes subspecialty care teams and improves interdisciplinary communication with primary care to better meet the long- term needs of Children living with medical complexity and their families.
AHRQ-funded; HS028473.
Citation: Wadhwani SI, Pantell MS MS, Winestone LE . Subspecialty pediatrics: an unmet opportunity to address unmet social risks. Acad Pediatr 2024 Mar; 24(2):204-07. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.07.009..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Social Determinants of Health, Risk
Neerland C, Slaughter-Acey J, Behrens K
An evidence map for social and structural determinants for maternal morbidity and mortality: a systematic review.
The study aimed to identify social and structural determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality during prenatal and postpartum periods in the U.S. Out of 8,378 references screened, 118 studies were included, covering domains like identity, socioeconomic factors, violence, and trauma. Findings revealed mixed patterns between risk factors and outcomes, with notable attention to depression and mental health. Advancing the field long-term should involve developing comprehensive datasets to thoroughly investigate intersections with biological and medical risk factors.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00008.
Citation: Neerland C, Slaughter-Acey J, Behrens K . An evidence map for social and structural determinants for maternal morbidity and mortality: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2024 Mar; 143(3):383-92. doi: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005489.
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Maternal Health, Mortality, Evidence-Based Practice, Risk, Women, Outcomes
Vu DM, Elze T, Miller JW
Risk factors for glaucoma diagnosis and surgical intervention following pediatric cataract surgery in the IRIS庐 Registry.
This study utilized the IRIS庐 Registry to examine glaucoma development and subsequent surgical interventions in children following cataract removal. The research focused on patients aged 17 and younger who underwent cataract surgery between 2013 and 2020. By analyzing electronic health records from participating practices, researchers tracked glaucoma diagnoses and procedures after cataract removal, excluding cases with pre-existing glaucoma. The investigation aimed to determine the likelihood of glaucoma diagnosis and surgical treatment within a five-year period post-cataract surgery. The study population comprised 6,658 children, with a median age of 10 years, and a nearly even gender distribution. Within five years of cataract surgery, 7.1% of patients were diagnosed with glaucoma, while 2.6% required surgical intervention. Infants under one year old showed a notably higher risk, with 22.3% developing glaucoma post-surgery. Factors associated with increased glaucoma risk included the absence of an intraocular lens implant, single eye cataract removal, and Black racial background. Among the surgical treatments employed, glaucoma drainage device implantation was most common, followed by angle surgery, cyclophotocoagulation, and trabeculectomy.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Vu DM, Elze T, Miller JW . Risk factors for glaucoma diagnosis and surgical intervention following pediatric cataract surgery in the IRIS庐 Registry. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2024 Mar-Apr; 7(2):131-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ogla.2023.08.009.
Keywords: Eye Disease and Health, Surgery, Children/Adolescents, Risk

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