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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by 大象APPor authored by 大象APPresearchers.

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1 to 4 of 4 Research Studies Displayed
Harrall KK, Sauder KA, Glueck DH
Using power analysis to choose the unit of randomization, outcome, and approach for subgroup analysis for a multilevel randomized controlled clinical trial to reduce disparities in cardiovascular health.
This paper discusses a proposed prevention research study which plans to use power analysis to choose the unit of randomization, outcome, and approach for subgroup analysis for a multilevel randomized controlled clinical trial to reduce disparities in cardiovascular health. The authors gave examples of three features in the design of randomized controlled clinical trials which can increase power and thus decrease sample size and costs. They considered an example multilevel trial with several levels of clustering. For a fixed number of independent sampling units, they showed that power can vary widely with the choice of the level of randomization. They demonstrated that power and interpretability can improve by testing a multivariate outcome rather than an unweighted composite outcome. Finally, they showed that using a pooled analytic approach, which analyzes data for all subgroups in a single model, improves power for testing the intervention effect compared to a stratified analysis, which analyzes data for each subgroup in a separate model. The trial will randomize adults to either telehealth (intervention) or in-person treatment (control) to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. The trial outcomes will be measures of the Essential Eight, a set of scores for cardiovascular health developed by the American Heart Association.
AHRQ-funded; HS028283.
Citation: Harrall KK, Sauder KA, Glueck DH . Using power analysis to choose the unit of randomization, outcome, and approach for subgroup analysis for a multilevel randomized controlled clinical trial to reduce disparities in cardiovascular health. Prev Sci 2024 Jul; 25(suppl 3):433-45. doi: 10.1007/s11121-024-01673-y..
Keywords: Disparities, Cardiovascular Conditions, Research Methodologies
Sinclair KA, Muller C, Noonan C
Increasing health equity through biospecimen research: Identification of factors that influence willingness of Native Americans to donate biospecimens.
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are underrepresented in biomedical research, particularly in biospecimen research, yet little research has been conducted to assess AI/AN attitudes about biospecimen donation. In this study, the researchers identified factors that influence willingness of Native Americans to donate biospecimens. Their results highlighted areas in which interventions could be developed to increase AI/AN donation of biospecimens for research with the ultimate goal of reducing health disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS023576.
Citation: Sinclair KA, Muller C, Noonan C . Increasing health equity through biospecimen research: Identification of factors that influence willingness of Native Americans to donate biospecimens. Prev Med Rep 2021 Mar;21:101311. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101311..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Research Methodologies
Cunningham-Erves J, Barajas C, Mayo-Gamble TL
Formative research to design a culturally-appropriate cancer clinical trial education program to increase participation of African American and Latino communities.
This study鈥檚 goal was to address knowledge deficiencies about cancer clinical trials and biospecimen donation that can potentially improve participation among racial and ethnic minorities. The researchers included community-based organization (CBO) leaders as research team members, conducted focus groups and cognitive interviews with community members as reviewers/consultants, and interacted with two community advisory groups. Five focus group themes were identified. A final program consisted of two versions (English and Spanish) of a culturally-appropriate slide presentation with speaker notes and videos that represent community member and researcher testimonials. It is hoped these findings will help promote cancer clinical trial participation among African Americans and Latinos.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Cunningham-Erves J, Barajas C, Mayo-Gamble TL . Formative research to design a culturally-appropriate cancer clinical trial education program to increase participation of African American and Latino communities. BMC Public Health 2020 Jun 3;20(1):840. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08939-4..
Keywords: Cancer, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cultural Competence, Research Methodologies, Disparities
Jarrin OF, Nyandege AN, Grafova IB
Validity of race and ethnicity codes in Medicare administrative data compared with gold-standard self-reported race collected during routine home health care visits.
The authors compared the validity of two race/ethnicity variables found in Medicare administrative data against a gold-standard source also available in the Medicare data warehouse. They found that the race/ethnicity variables contained in Medicare administrative data for minority health disparities research can be improved through the use of self-reported race/ethnicity data. They conclude that future work to improve the accuracy of Medicare beneficiaries' race/ethnicity data should incorporate and augment the self-reported race/ethnicity data contained in assessment and survey data, available within the Medicare data warehouse.
AHRQ-funded; HS022406.
Citation: Jarrin OF, Nyandege AN, Grafova IB . Validity of race and ethnicity codes in Medicare administrative data compared with gold-standard self-reported race collected during routine home health care visits. Med Care 2020 Jan;58(1):e1-e8. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001216..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Home Healthcare, Medicare, Data, Disparities, Research Methodologies

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