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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by 大象APPor authored by 大象APPresearchers.

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1 to 25 of 773 Research Studies Displayed
Lopez AA, Awamlh B, Huang LC
Patient-reported functional outcomes and treatment-related regret in Hispanic and Spanish-speaking men following prostate cancer treatment.
Urol Oncol 2025 Apr; 43(4):271.e19-71.e28. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.11.024.
AHRQ-funded; HS019356; HS022640.
Citation: Lopez AA, Awamlh B, Huang LC . Patient-reported functional outcomes and treatment-related regret in Hispanic and Spanish-speaking men following prostate cancer treatment. Urol Oncol 2025 Apr; 43(4):271.e19-71.e28. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.11.024..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Men's Health, Outcomes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Marcotte LM, Khor S, Wong ES
A pilot analysis of patient portal use and breast cancer screening among Black patients in a large academic health system.
This pilot study examined the association between patient portal use and breast cancer screening among Black patients in a large academic health system. The authors estimated average marginal effects to examine the additive probability of breast cancer screening completion given portal use in the prior 12 months. In the unadjusted model, portal use was associated with an estimated mean 24.8 percentage points increased likelihood of completing breast cancer screening. In the adjusted model, portal use was associated with an estimated mean 16.2 percentage points.
AHRQ-funded; HS026369.
Citation: Marcotte LM, Khor S, Wong ES . A pilot analysis of patient portal use and breast cancer screening among Black patients in a large academic health system. AJPM Focus 2025 Feb; 4(1):100305. doi: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100305..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Screening, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Dai J, Chang J, Choi JM
Trends in anti-diabetic medication use, severe hyperglycaemia and severe hypoglycaemia among American Indian and Alaska Native Peoples, 2009-2013.
This retrospective analysis examined patterns in anti-diabetic medication use and acute diabetes complications among American Indian and Alaska Native adults with type 2 diabetes. Researchers analyzed data from 39,183 adults who used Indian Health Service or Tribal health services between 2009-2013. During this period, usage of metformin increased from 56.0% to 60.5%, insulin from 31.4% to 35.9%, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors from 1.4% to 9.0%. Conversely, sulfonylurea use decreased from 40.3% to 32.9% and thiazolidinedione use declined sharply from 31.6% to 8.8%. Concurrently, rates of severe hypoglycemia fell from 1.6% to 0.8% and severe hyperglycemia from 2.0% to 1.6%.
AHRQ-funded; 2902006-00020-I.
Citation: Dai J, Chang J, Choi JM . Trends in anti-diabetic medication use, severe hyperglycaemia and severe hypoglycaemia among American Indian and Alaska Native Peoples, 2009-2013. Diabetes Obes Metab 2025 Jan; 27(1):328-37. doi: 10.1111/dom.16021.
Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Marcotte LM, Wheat CL, Rao M
Evaluating equity in a national virtual care management intervention: delivery and outcomes by race/ethnicity among veterans with hypertension and diabetes.
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the Preventive Health Inventory (PHI), a virtual care management intervention implemented in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), was delivered equitably among racial/ethnic groups. Researchers used data from the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse among veterans enrolled in primary care nationally. Their findings suggested that the PHI intervention was deployed equitably across race/ethnicity groups without significantly impacting most existing inequities in hypertension and diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS026369.
Citation: Marcotte LM, Wheat CL, Rao M . Evaluating equity in a national virtual care management intervention: delivery and outcomes by race/ethnicity among veterans with hypertension and diabetes. Health Serv Res 2024 Dec; 59(6):e14352. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14352.
Keywords: Diabetes, Blood Pressure, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Primary Care, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Hellinger FJ
大象APPAuthor: Hellinger FJ
The incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of Black and White persons with HIV in the United States in 2019.
A 2019 study analyzed HIV statistics among non-Hispanic Black and White Americans using data from the Census Bureau, CDC HIV Surveillance Reports, and hospital records from seven states representing 44% of U.S. HIV cases. The research examined diagnosis rates, prevalence, and mortality patterns. While Black Americans constituted 13.4% of the population, they represented approximately 40-43% of HIV diagnoses, cases, and deaths. In contrast, White Americans, comprising 76.3% of the population, represented about 25-32% of these measures. The investigation of hospital data from selected states showed no significant racial differences in hospital mortality rates.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Hellinger FJ . The incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of Black and White persons with HIV in the United States in 2019. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024 Dec; 11(6):3410-15. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01794-0.
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Fulay AP, Farsijani S, Freeland K
Development of an older adult Nutrition Equity Index (NEI) and association with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) in older Black and White U.S. adults.
This research introduced a novel Nutrition Equity Index (NEI) for older adults that incorporates functional ability, and compared it with food insufficiency relative to Healthy Eating Index scores. The study analyzed data from 2,468 Medicare-eligible community-dwelling adults (average age 74.7 years) in Pittsburgh and Memphis. The NEI was constructed from eight questions across three domains: food insecurity, food access, and food acquisition. Results showed that 13.5% of participants experienced food insufficiency, while 12.1% had low NEI and 32.5% had moderate NEI. Both food insufficiency and low NEI were more prevalent among Black participants and those with less education. Initially, food insufficiency was associated with a 2.2-point lower HEI score, and low NEI with a 2.6-point reduction. After adjusting for race, NEI associations became non-significant, while food insufficiency remained associated with a 1.5-point lower HEI score in fully adjusted models.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Fulay AP, Farsijani S, Freeland K . Development of an older adult Nutrition Equity Index (NEI) and association with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) in older Black and White U.S. adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2024 Nov; 28(11):100343. doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100343.
Keywords: Elderly, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Nutrition
Sandal S, Ahn J, Chen Y
Differences in racial and ethnic disparities between first and repeat kidney transplantation.
Research examined racial and ethnic disparities in first-time versus repeat kidney transplantation using United States Renal Data System data from 1995-2018. The study analyzed outcomes for over 2.4 million patients, including White, Black, and Hispanic individuals. The investigation revealed that Black patients experienced greater disparities in accessing repeat transplantation compared to first-time procedures. Hispanic patients faced increased barriers to waitlisting for repeat transplantation versus initial transplants. The findings indicate persistent systemic barriers affecting access to repeat kidney transplantation among racial and ethnic minority groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS024600.
Citation: Sandal S, Ahn J, Chen Y . Differences in racial and ethnic disparities between first and repeat kidney transplantation. Transplantation 2024 Oct; 108(10):2144-52. doi: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005051..
Keywords: Transplantation, Kidney Disease and Health, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Access to Care
Lin P, Argon NT, Cheng Q
Identifying patient subpopulations with significant race-sex differences in emergency department disposition decisions.
The objective of this retrospective analysis was to identify demographic and clinical subgroups for which race-sex differences in emergency department (ED) disposition decisions is most pronounced. The results indicated that while differences in likelihood of admission were lessened by younger age for African-American men, and by older age and insurance status for White women, they persisted in all subgroups for African-American women. Patients aged 64鈥 or younger or with Medicaid or no insurance appeared most prone to potential disparities in admissions. These findings may facilitate future targeted research on potential disparities and interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS029078.
Citation: Lin P, Argon NT, Cheng Q . Identifying patient subpopulations with significant race-sex differences in emergency department disposition decisions. Health Serv Insights 2024 Sep 5; 17:11786329241277724. doi: 10.1177/11786329241277724..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
Kim N, Jacobson M
Outcomes by race and ethnicity following a Medicare bundled payment program for joint replacement.
The objective of this cohort study was to evaluate outcomes associated with the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model--a traditional Medicare bundled payment program for lower-extremity joint replacement--among Hispanic patients who were not enrolled in traditional Medicare. Three metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) were randomly selected in California to participate in CJR. The results indicated that CJR program outcomes differed by race and ethnicity for patients outside traditional Medicare. The authors noted that these findings suggested the importance of considering differential outcomes of Medicare payment policies for racial and ethnic minority patient populations beyond the initially targeted groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS026488.
Citation: Kim N, Jacobson M . Outcomes by race and ethnicity following a Medicare bundled payment program for joint replacement. JAMA Netw Open 2024 Sep 3; 7(9):e2433962. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.33962..
Keywords: Medicare, Payment, Surgery, Orthopedics, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Dixit AA, Kim CY, Mariano ER
Hospital-level variability in regional nerve block administration by race for total knee arthroplasty.
To assess hospital-related racial disparities in the setting of anesthetic care, researchers studied whether hospitals with a higher proportion of black patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were less likely to provide nerve blocks. This retrospective cohort study used the Optum Clinformatics庐 Data Mart Database to create a national sample of patients aged 18 or older who underwent primary TKA. The results indicated that patients treated at hospitals with a higher proportion of black patients were significantly less likely to receive a regional nerve block for TKA, after adjusting for other patient characteristics. The researchers concluded that these findings implied that racial disparities in regional anesthesia may be partially driven by hospital-level factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS027795.
Citation: Dixit AA, Kim CY, Mariano ER . Hospital-level variability in regional nerve block administration by race for total knee arthroplasty. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2024 Sep 2; 49(9):692-94. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104028..
Keywords: Pain, Surgery, Orthopedics, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Moon KJ, Linton SL, Kazerouni NJ
Association of economic and racial segregation with restricted buprenorphine dispensing in U.S. community pharmacies.
A nationwide telephone audit investigated buprenorphine dispensing practices at community pharmacies across the United States, examining potential disparities in access to opioid use disorder treatment medication. The study evaluated 858 pharmacies across 473 counties using secret shopper calls to assess prescription filling capabilities. Researchers measured county-level segregation patterns using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes, analyzing racial, ethnic, economic, and combined racial-economic factors. The investigation revealed that pharmacies in areas with high economic deprivation and ethnic segregation demonstrated greater likelihood of restricted buprenorphine dispensing. These dispensing limitations were particularly evident in socially and economically disadvantaged communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS026370.
Citation: Moon KJ, Linton SL, Kazerouni NJ . Association of economic and racial segregation with restricted buprenorphine dispensing in U.S. community pharmacies. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2024 Sep; 12:100255. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100255..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Access to Care, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations
Peterson JW, Robles A, Underwood Carrasco VI
Educational values of Latino families participating in a school readiness intervention: hopes and implications for pediatrics.
This study鈥檚 objective was to explore Latino parents' educational values and hopes for their preschool-aged children after a clinic school readiness (SR) intervention. Post-intervention semi-structured interviews were held with 74 Latino parents for a total of 59 interviews in English or Spanish. Children on average were 4.5 years old, with 57% speaking Spanish at home and 81% having preschool experience. Mothers mostly had no paid employment and limited education. Four domains that emerged were that 1) education is valued and seen as a pathway to a successful life, 2) structural and cultural barriers exist, 3) but Latino families are motivated, and 4) trust their providers to offer SR support. Parents suggested that pediatricians provide more SR knowledge to families and offer programs within primary care.
AHRQ-funded; HS026370.
Citation: Peterson JW, Robles A, Underwood Carrasco VI . Educational values of Latino families participating in a school readiness intervention: hopes and implications for pediatrics. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2024 Sep-Oct; 45(5):e431-e38. doi: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001295.
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Children/Adolescents
Abdus S, Selden TM
大象APPAuthor: Abdus S, Selden TM
Racial and ethnic disparities in attendance to well-child visit recommendations during COVID-19.
The objective of this study was to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on racial and ethnic disparities in attendance to well-child visit recommendations. Researchers used Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data to compare pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and pandemic (2020 and 2021) ratios of well-child visits to age-based recommendations as well as 1996-2021 MEPS data to place the pandemic changes within an historical context. The results showed that changes in disparities were large even when controlled for health status, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health insurance, and state of residence; magnitudes of racial and ethnic attendance disparities during the pandemic's first two years were unprecedented since before 1996. The researchers concluded that these findings highlight the need to build a more equitable healthcare system for all children.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Abdus S, Selden TM . Racial and ethnic disparities in attendance to well-child visit recommendations during COVID-19. Acad Pediatr 2024 Aug; 24(6):922-29. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.04.003..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Children/Adolescents, COVID-19
Shaukat A, Wolf J, Rudser K
Multilevel interventions to improve colorectal cancer screening in an urban Native American community: a pilot randomized clinical trial.
This research letter described a randomized controlled trial of an outreach program for completion of colorectal cancer (CRC) screenings at an urban clinic serving the Native American community. The researchers also conducted interviews with patients and providers to understand barriers and facilitators to the organized program and to CRC screening in general.
AHRQ-funded; HS029429.
Citation: Shaukat A, Wolf J, Rudser K . Multilevel interventions to improve colorectal cancer screening in an urban Native American community: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024 Aug; 22(8):1744-46.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.01.044..
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Screening, Urban Health, Rural Health, Rural Health
Jacobs J, Labellart P, Margellos-Anast H
Improving Diabetes Equity and Advancing Care (IDEA) to optimize team-based care at a safety-net health system for Black and Latine patients living with diabetes: study protocol for a sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial.
This paper describes a study protocol to randomize interventions for Black/Latine patients living with diabetes. This study will examine the implementation of diabetes self-management training (DSMT), remote glucose monitoring (RGM), and tailored support from a community health worker (CHW) to improve outcomes. This study will aim to (1) evaluate the appropriateness; (2) measure fidelity; and (3) compare the effectiveness of varying the combination and sequence of three interventions. Eligible Black and Latine patients will be recruited using patient lists extracted from an electronic medical record system. After screening and informed consent, patients will be randomized to either DSMT or RGM. After 6 months patients will complete 2 assessments and HbA1c values will be reviewed. Patients then will be categorized as 鈥渞esponders鈥 who have an HbA1c that has improved by at least one percentage point or 鈥渘onresponders鈥. Nonresponders will be randomized to either switch study arms or to work with a CHW. At 6 months the participants will complete the 2 assessments again and their HbA1c values rereviewed. Twelve patient focus groups will be formed, two for each intervention path along with staff interviews.
AHRQ-funded; HS029431.
Citation: Jacobs J, Labellart P, Margellos-Anast H . Improving Diabetes Equity and Advancing Care (IDEA) to optimize team-based care at a safety-net health system for Black and Latine patients living with diabetes: study protocol for a sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial. Trials 2024 Jul 24; 25(1):504. doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08346-9..
Keywords: Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities
Ferucci ED, Arnold RI, Holck P
Health care utilization in Alaska Native people receiving chronic disease specialty care by videoconsultation compared to propensity-matched controls.
This observational study of the Alaska Tribal Health System was designed to assess differences in health care utilization between ever-users of telemedicine for chronic disease specialty care compared with propensity-matched controls. Electronic medical record data was used from eligibility subjects ages 18 or older with a chronic condition diagnosis and residence in one of four study regions. The researchers found higher rates of inpatient and outpatient utilization in people who had ever used telemedicine than in propensity-matched controls, with potentially lower rates of emergency department visits. They concluded that these findings should be considered in the context of other factors influencing telemedicine use and outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS026208.
Citation: Ferucci ED, Arnold RI, Holck P . Health care utilization in Alaska Native people receiving chronic disease specialty care by videoconsultation compared to propensity-matched controls. J Telemed Telecare 2024 Jul; 30(6):941-48. doi: 10.1177/1357633x221107999..
Keywords: Healthcare Utilization, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Chronic Conditions, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Rivera Rivera JN, AuBuchon KE, Schubel LC
Supporting ColoREctal Equitable Navigation (SCREEN): a protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial for patient navigation in primary care.
This study addresses the higher incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) among Black and Hispanic/Latino populations in the United States. The researchers are conducting a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial to implement and scale a patient navigation program aimed at improving CRC screening rates in these communities. The trial involves 15 primary care clinics, with a phased introduction of the intervention over six steps, each lasting six months. Following an initial six-month baseline data collection period, clinics are randomized to join the intervention arm in groups of three every six months until all clinics have transitioned. The implementation process includes clinic training and education, electronic health record infrastructure changes, stakeholder relationship building, readiness assessment, and ongoing feedback. Guided by the Practical, Robust Implementation Sustainment Model (PRISM), the study focuses on effectiveness, reach, provider adoption, and implementation aspects. The researchers plan to document adaptations to both the patient navigation intervention and implementation strategies. To promote health equity, the study incorporates multilevel stakeholder input through interviews and a community advisory board, influencing various aspects of the project from planning to dissemination. Provider feedback will include updates on disparities in screening orders and completions. The researchers aim to understand how to tailor a patient navigation program for CRC screening across diverse primary care settings with varying baseline screening rates, payor mix, proximity to specialty care, and patient volume.
AHRQ-funded; HS029807.
Citation: Rivera Rivera JN, AuBuchon KE, Schubel LC . Supporting ColoREctal Equitable Navigation (SCREEN): a protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial for patient navigation in primary care. Implement Sci Commun 2024 Jun 3; 5(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s43058-024-00598-5.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Screening, Primary Care, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Goyal M, Alpern ER, Webb M
Agreement of electronic health record-documented race and ethnicity with parental report.
This study looked at the agreement of electronic health record (EHR)-documented race and ethnicity for children in an emergency department (ED) setting with parent-reported race and ethnicity. This study used prospective cohort study data as the reference standard from a study called IMPROVE of children 4-17 years with a fracture discharged from one of six EDs in which parents and/or legal guardians provided their child鈥檚 demographic data via text messaging. The comparator was linked data from the same children from the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) Registry. The following categories were used for reporting: American Indian/Alaska Native, Black, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, or White. Multiple race reporting was categorized as 鈥渕ultiple races鈥. They also reported Hispanic or non-Hispanic (NH) ethnicity. There were 768 participants with parent-reported race: 73.4% White, 15.85% Black, 5.6% multiple races, 0.4% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and 0.3% other. Overall agreement for race was 87.3%. Agreement was 93.1% for those identifying as White and 89.3% for those identifying as Black. Overall agreement for ethnicity was 95%. Combined overall agreement for race and ethnicity was 90%. Misclassification in the EHR occurred for race in 11% of Black and for ethnicity in 24% of Hispanic patients. Higher disagreements occurred in less commonly represented racial groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS020270.
Citation: Goyal M, Alpern ER, Webb M . Agreement of electronic health record-documented race and ethnicity with parental report. Acad Emerg Med 2024 Jun; 31(6):613-16. doi: 10.1111/acem.14840.
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Children/Adolescents
Kasanagottu K, Anderson TS, Trivedi S
Racial and ethnic disparities in opioid prescribing on hospital discharge among older adults: a national retrospective cohort study.
This study looked at racial and ethnic disparities in opioid prescribing among Medicare beneficiaries 64 years and older using opioid prescription claims within 2 days of hospital discharge in 2016. The secondary outcome was total morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) among adults with a filled prescription. Among 316,039 opioid beneficiaries who had not had an opioid fill in the 90 days prior to hospitalization (mean age, 76.8 years; 56.2% female), 49,131 (15.5%) filled an opioid prescription within 2 days of hospital discharge. After adjustment, Black beneficiaries were 6% less likely and Asian/Pacific Islander beneficiaries were 9% more likely to have filled an opioid prescription when compared to White beneficiaries. Among beneficiaries with a filled opioid prescription, mean total MMEs were lower among Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander beneficiaries when compared to White beneficiaries.
AHRQ-funded; R01 HS026215.
Citation: Kasanagottu K, Anderson TS, Trivedi S . Racial and ethnic disparities in opioid prescribing on hospital discharge among older adults: a national retrospective cohort study. J Gen Intern Med 2024 Jun; 39(8):1444-51. doi: 10.1007/s11606-024-08687-w.
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Opioids, Elderly, Hospital Discharge, Disparities, Medication
Wan V, Silverberg JI
Cross-sectional study of phenotypical differences of atopic dermatitis in Asian vs. White patients in the United States.
This article described a cross-sectional practice-based study to determine whether phenotypical differences occurred across a diverse cohort of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Eczema clinic patients at an academic medical center completed self-administered electronic questionnaires. The authors did not identify any major differences in clinical phenotype of AD, including previously reported increased prevalence of lichenification, between Asian and White patients within the cohort. They concluded that further prospective studies are warranted to determine whether major phenotypical differences of AD exist across diverse patient populations in the U.S.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Wan V, Silverberg JI . Cross-sectional study of phenotypical differences of atopic dermatitis in Asian vs. White patients in the United States. Arch Dermatol Res 2024 May 11; 316(5):153. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-02855-y..
Keywords: Skin Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Virani DA, Szatan A, Oh S
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169814124000465
Identifying systems factors contributing to adverse events in maternal care using incident reports.
To investigate the factors contributing to negative maternal health results and racial/ethnic disparities, researchers examined 550 incident reports from maternity units at a major academic medical center over a two-year period. The analysis, which categorized incidents by race/ethnicity and utilized the SEIPS 2.0 model to code report narratives, revealed that issues related to tasks and organizational factors were most prevalent, accounting for 40% and 30% of incidents respectively. Key problems identified included omissions, inadequate staffing, poor teamwork and coordination, errors in specimen labeling, and issues with hospital protocols. These insights offer valuable information for enhancing system-wide safety measures and developing targeted strategies to promote health equity for women and birthing individuals from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.
AHRQ-funded; HS027680.
Citation: Virani DA, Szatan A, Oh S . Int J Ind Ergon 2024 May; 101:103590. doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103590.
Keywords: Maternal Health, Women, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Adverse Events
Zhang Y, Leifheit KM, Lee KT
The association of oncology provider density with black-white disparities in cancer mortality in US counties.
In an ecological study of 1048 U.S. counties, researchers examined the association between oncology provider density and Black-White cancer mortality disparities. Oncology provider density was estimated using National Plan and Provider Enumeration System data; the cancer mortality ratio was calculated using cancer mortality rates from State Cancer Profiles. The results showed that higher provider density was associated with significantly lower cancer mortality among White persons, but not among Black persons. The researchers concluded that higher density alone may not resolve cancer mortality disparities, and that attention to ensuring equitable care is critical.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Zhang Y, Leifheit KM, Lee KT . The association of oncology provider density with black-white disparities in cancer mortality in US counties. Cancer Control 2024 Jan-Dec; 31:10732748241244929. doi: 10.1177/10732748241244929..
Keywords: Cancer, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Provider
Walker DM, Hefner JL, MacEwan SR
Differences by race in outcomes of an in-person training intervention on use of an inpatient portal: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.
The objective of this study was to compare differences in effectiveness of patient training and portal functionality interventions implemented to increase portal use among racial groups. This secondary analysis used data from a randomized clinical trial. Findings indicated that providing in-person training or robust portal functionality did not narrow the divide between Black participants and White participants with respect to portal use. The authors concluded that health systems may need to consider intentional interventions that address underlying issues which contribute to this inequity.
AHRQ-funded; HS024379; HS024091.
Citation: Walker DM, Hefner JL, MacEwan SR . Differences by race in outcomes of an in-person training intervention on use of an inpatient portal: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024 Apr; 7(4):e245091. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5091..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Education: Patient and Caregiver
Armstrong-Hough M, Lin P, Venkatesh S
Ethnic disparities in deep sedation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in the United States: secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial.
A recent study reveals that Hispanic patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are five times more likely to be placed under deep sedation compared to non-Hispanic White patients. This disparity was observed across 48 U.S. hospitals participating in a clinical trial. The study also found that hospitals with at least one Hispanic ARDS patient tended to keep all their patients, regardless of ethnicity, in deep sedation for longer durations. These findings highlight a significant disparity in sedation practices and call for urgent investigation into the underlying causes and potential solutions to address this inequity in critical care.
AHRQ-funded; HS028038.
Citation: Armstrong-Hough M, Lin P, Venkatesh S . Ethnic disparities in deep sedation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in the United States: secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024 Apr; 21(4):620-26. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202307-600OC..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Respiratory Conditions
Antwi YA, Meille G, Moriya AS
大象APPAuthor: Meille G, Moriya Asako S
Heterogeneous effects of the Affordable Care Act on emergency department visits and payer composition among older adults by race and ethnicity.
This AHRQ-authored paper鈥檚 goal was to estimate the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on emergency department (ED) visits and the composition of insurance coverage for White, Black, and Hispanic older adults. Their estimation strategy used changes in the discontinuity of health insurance coverage at age 65 and the variation in state decisions about Medicaid expansion under the ACA. They found that uninsured ED visits decreased for older adults in all three racial and ethnic groups in Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states. The magnitude of the decreases varied from four visits per 1,000 persons among White older adults in non-expansion states to 23 visits per 1,000 persons among Black and Hispanic older adults in expansion states. Insurance coverage gains came primarily from Medicaid in expansion states and private insurance in non-expansion states, regardless of race or ethnicity. They found suggestive evidence of increased ED visits for Black and Hispanic populations that had low insurance coverage rates before 2014.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Antwi YA, Meille G, Moriya AS . Heterogeneous effects of the Affordable Care Act on emergency department visits and payer composition among older adults by race and ethnicity. American Journal of Health Economics 2024 Spring; 10(2):272-99. doi: 10.1086/728787..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Elderly, Emergency Department, Policy, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Healthcare Utilization

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