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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by 大象APPor authored by 大象APPresearchers.

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1 to 25 of 216 Research Studies Displayed
Armstrong M, Price A, Coffey R
Smartphone virtual reality for pain management during pediatric burn care transition: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
The purpose of this study is to develop a protocol for evaluating virtual reality therapy during pediatric burn treatment at home. This randomized controlled trial will recruit 200 children requiring daily burn dressing changes from two verified burn centers in the USA. Participants will be divided equally between intervention and control groups. The intervention group will use a Virtual Reality Pain Alleviation Therapeutic game during home dressing changes and report on pain levels, anxiety, medication use, and gameplay experience. The control group will follow standard dressing change procedures without virtual reality and report similar metrics. Researchers will measure differences in self-reported pain and anxiety between groups over one week of dressing changes. This study addresses challenges in transitioning burn care from medical facilities to homes, where treatment can cause significant distress. Results will inform potential larger implementation studies of digital technologies for pediatric wound care.
AHRQ-funded; HS029183.
Citation: Armstrong M, Price A, Coffey R . Smartphone virtual reality for pain management during pediatric burn care transition: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2025 May 13; 26(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-08860-4..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Pain, Injuries and Wounds, Anxiety
Clark NM, Hernandez AH, Knowlton LM
Pre- and postinjury financial hardship among trauma survivors: a national survey study.
The purpose of this study was to investigate financial hardship before and after injury among trauma survivors using national data. Researchers analyzed the 2014-2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, comparing injured adults (18-64 years old) to matched uninjured controls. The study included a weighted sample representing over 79 million injured patients. Results showed that injured patients experienced an 8.2 percentage point increase in financial hardship (a 23% relative increase), with 40.6% reporting financial hardship post-injury. These patients also experienced a 4.5 percentage point increase in poor health status. Further analysis revealed that injured patients who reported difficulty with medical bills were more likely to delay care due to costs, and those who delayed care were more likely to report poor health outcomes.
No mention of funding in article. Disclosure form mentions 大象APPwith grant number - "support for the present manuscript."
Citation: Clark NM, Hernandez AH, Knowlton LM . Pre- and postinjury financial hardship among trauma survivors: a national survey study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2025 May; 98(5):720-28. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004545.
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Trauma, Injuries and Wounds
Brink FW, Adler B, Bambach S
Using deep learning for estimation of time-since-injury in pediatric accidental fractures.
The purpose of this study was to develop artificial intelligence tools for more accurately determining when pediatric bone fractures occurred. Researchers analyzed radiographic images of accidental long bone fractures from 399 children under age six treated at a Midwestern children's hospital. They created deep learning models to both classify fractures into different age groups and directly estimate fracture age. The research team evaluated model performance through various metrics including confusion matrices and error measurements. Their best-performing model could estimate fracture age for any long bone with a mean absolute error of 6.2 days, with 68% of estimates falling within one week of the actual fracture age. This represents significant improvement over current fracture dating methods, which often provide only broad timeframes.
AHRQ-funded; HS028847.
Citation: Brink FW, Adler B, Bambach S . Using deep learning for estimation of time-since-injury in pediatric accidental fractures. Pediatr Radiol 2025 May; 55(6):1257-69. doi: 10.1007/s00247-025-06223-4..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Injuries and Wounds, Imaging
Hart LD, Kallepali P, Castater CA
A scoping review of trauma-informed language in the care of injured patients.
This scoping review evaluated the literature on the education, guidance, and outcomes associated with trauma-informed language (TIL) use with traumatically injured patients including gunshot or other violent injuries. Although there were 2401 total studies reviewed, only 20 were selected for full-text review and of those only three fit the inclusion criteria for this study. The studies showed that TIL is rarely utilized when managing injured patients, which can lead to communication challenges between trauma patients and providers. TIL can improve communication skills leading to patient satisfaction and mitigating post-traumatic symptoms in patients and physicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS029585.
Citation: Hart LD, Kallepali P, Castater CA . A scoping review of trauma-informed language in the care of injured patients. J Surg Res 2025 Apr; 308:264-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2025.02.037.
Keywords: Trauma, Injuries and Wounds, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Johnson PL, Hemmila MR, Mullens CL
Association of pre- and postinjury mental health with long-term clinical and financial outcomes.
Patients from Level 1 and 2 trauma centers took part in postdischarge serial surveys to examine the relationship between pre- and postinjury mental health on long-term financial and functional outcomes. Findings indicated that more than half the patients had peri-injury mental health conditions; patients with postinjury mental health symptoms experienced worse financial and functional outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS028672.
Citation: Johnson PL, Hemmila MR, Mullens CL . Association of pre- and postinjury mental health with long-term clinical and financial outcomes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2025 Mar; 98(3):425-34. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004521..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Quality of Life, Healthcare Costs, Injuries and Wounds
Kahwati LC, Kistler CE, Booth G
Screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures: a systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force updates the final recommendation for screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures. The reviewers found 3 RCTs and 3 systematic reviews that reported benefits of screening in older, higher-risk women. Two RCTs used 2-stage screening consisting of a Fracture Risk Assessment Tool estimate with bone mineral density (BMD) testing if the risk threshold was exceeded. One other RCT used BMD plus additional tests. Screening was associated with reduced hip and major osteoporotic fracture compared with usual care. Compared with placebo, bisphosphonates and denosumab from the largest RCT were associated with reduced hip fractures. No statistically significant associations were observed for adverse events compared with placebo.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00007; HS029590.
Citation: Kahwati LC, Kistler CE, Booth G . Screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures: a systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2025 Feb 11; 333(6):509-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.21653..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Osteoporosis, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention, Injuries and Wounds
DeKeyser G, Thorne T, Martin BI
Changing epidemiology of distal femur fractures: increase in geriatric fractures and rates of distal femur replacement.
This study analyzed trends in distal femur fracture (DFF) incidence, treatment approaches, and associated healthcare costs using National Inpatient Sample and Medicare data. Researchers found that the annual DFF incidence in the United States is approximately 27.4 per 100,000 people. From 2002 to 2020, DFF-related admissions increased, with the highest rates among those 85 years and older. The incidence nearly doubled from 142 per million in 2006 to 281 per million in 2019. Treatment approaches shifted significantly between 2012 and 2019: intramedullary nail use increased from 6.8% to 8.4%, open reduction and internal fixation decreased from 89.9% to 76.6%, and distal femur arthroplasty increased over fourfold from 3.3% to 14.9%. Distal femur arthroplasty consistently incurred significantly higher costs than other surgical treatments for both initial admissions and 90-day episodes of care.
AHRQ-funded; HS024714.
Citation: DeKeyser G, Thorne T, Martin BI . Changing epidemiology of distal femur fractures: increase in geriatric fractures and rates of distal femur replacement. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2024 Dec; 32(24):e1289-e98. doi: 10.5435/jaaos-d-24-00007.
Keywords: Elderly, Injuries and Wounds, Surgery
Ilkhani S, Naus AE, Pinkes N
The invisible scars: unseen financial complications worsen every aspect of long-term health in trauma survivors.
This study investigated financial toxicity (FT) among trauma survivors, aiming to understand its prevalence, risk factors, and impact on long-term outcomes. The researchers interviewed adult trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score of 9 or higher from Level I trauma centers, 6 to 14 months after discharge. FT was defined as experiencing income loss, lack of care, newly applied or qualified governmental assistance, new financial problems, or work loss due to injury. The study found that 44% of the 577 participants experienced some form of FT. Protective factors against FT included older age and stronger social support networks. Conversely, having two or more comorbidities, lower education levels, and injuries from road accidents or intentional causes were associated with higher FT risk. Notably, injury severity, sex, and single-family household status did not show significant relationships with FT. Patients experiencing FT demonstrated worse outcomes across all health domains measured by the Patient Reported Outcome Measure Index System (PROMIS). A negative linear relationship was observed between FT severity and both mental and physical health scores.
AHRQ-funded; HS028672.
Citation: Ilkhani S, Naus AE, Pinkes N . The invisible scars: unseen financial complications worsen every aspect of long-term health in trauma survivors. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2024 Jun; 96(6):893-900. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004247..
Keywords: Trauma, Healthcare Costs, Health Status, Injuries and Wounds
Achola EM, Griffith KN, Wrenn JO
Injuries from legal interventions involving conducted energy devices.
This cross-sectional study evaluated emergency department (ED) visits for physical injuries from use of conducted energy devices (CEDs) such as TASERs by police departments. The authors evaluated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with law enforcement-related CED injuries. They sampled US ED visits from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, which provided a 20% stratified sample of all EDs and weights to allow calculation of national representative estimates for all ED visits. They identified 1276 visits with the ICD-10 Y35.83X codes for CED injuries. Patients included 1186 males and 91 females with a mean age of 32.9 years residing in zip codes below the 50th percentile for median household income (67.5%). Most presented to teaching hospitals (70.8%) in metropolitan areas (86.1%) and were Asian or Pacific Islander (1.4%), Black (35.7%), Hispanic (17.6%), Native American (1.8%), White (39.2%), or other (4.3%) race and ethnicity. Among patients with serious injuries (70.8%), most (61.1%) were minor, 25.4% were moderate, 2.9% were severe, and 1.6% were critical injuries. The most common area of injury was extremities (36.9%), followed by chest (27.4%), head and neck (25.6%), abdomen (24.2%), and face (8.7%). Patients with lower income were more likely to receive serious, severe, or critical injuries, but these differences were not statistically significant.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
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Citation: Achola EM, Griffith KN, Wrenn JO . Injuries from legal interventions involving conducted energy devices. JAMA Intern Med 2024 Apr; 184(4):440-43. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8012..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Injuries and Wounds, Emergency Department
Scaife JH, Bryce JR, Iantorno SE
Secondary undertriage of pediatric trauma patients across the United States emergency departments.
The term 鈥淯ndertriage鈥 refers to the treatment of patients at facilities lacking in the equipment needed to treat the patient's injuries appropriately. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the relationship between patient and hospital characteristics and secondary undertriage in children after major trauma. The researchers utilized the 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and included patients aged less than 18 years of age if they presented to a Level 3 or non-trauma center (NTC) and were diagnosed with a traumatic injury with an injury severity score of greater than 15 based on International Classification of Diseases 10 codes. The study found that of 6,572 weighted patients, 15% were undertriaged. Undertriage was significantly associated with older age, metropolitan location, and major abdominal injuries. After multivariable adjustment, secondary undertriage was significantly associated with patients aged 6-10 years of age compared to patients aged 15-17 years, penetrating injury, major chest injury, and presentation at a teaching hospital.
AHRQ-funded; HS025776.
Citation: Scaife JH, Bryce JR, Iantorno SE . Secondary undertriage of pediatric trauma patients across the United States emergency departments. J Surg Res 2024 Jan; 293:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.07.054..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Trauma, Injuries and Wounds
Hoffmann JA, Carter CP, Olsen CS
Pediatric firearm injury emergency department visits from 2017 to 2022: a multicenter study.
This retrospective study aimed to assess how pediatric firearm injury emergency department (ED) visits during the pandemic differed from expected prepandemic trends. The authors looked at firearm injury ED visits by children <18 years old at 9 US hospitals participating in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry before (January 2017 to February 2020) and during (March 2020 to November 2022) the pandemic. They calculated rate ratios (RRs) of observed to expected visits per 30 days, overall, and by sociodemographic characteristics. They identified 1904 firearm injury ED visits (52.3% 15-17 years old, 80.0% male, 63.5% non-Hispanic Black), with 694 prepandemic visits and 1210 visits during the pandemic. Death in the ED/hospital increased from 3.1% prepandemic to 6.1% during the pandemic. Firearm injury visits per 30 days increased from 18.0 prepandemic to 36.1 during the pandemic (RR 2.09). Increases beyond expected rates were seen for 10- to 14-year-olds (RR 2.61), females (RR 2.46), males (RR 2.00), Hispanic children (RR 2.30), and Black non-Hispanic children (RR 1.88).
AHRQ-funded; R01HS020270.
Citation: Hoffmann JA, Carter CP, Olsen CS . Pediatric firearm injury emergency department visits from 2017 to 2022: a multicenter study. Pediatrics 2023 Dec; 152(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-063129..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Healthcare Utilization, Injuries and Wounds
Dekeyser GJ, Martin BI, Marchand LS
Geriatric distal femur fractures treated with distal femoral replacement are associated with higher rates of readmissions and complications.
The objective of this study was to compare mortality and complications of distal femur fracture repair among elderly patients who received operative fixation versus distal femur replacement (DFR). Participants were Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older with distal femur fracture who were identified using Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services data. Most of the patients received operative fixation surgery. Results indicated that DFR was associated with significantly greater rates of infection, device-related complication, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, costs, and readmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS024714.
Citation: Dekeyser GJ, Martin BI, Marchand LS . Geriatric distal femur fractures treated with distal femoral replacement are associated with higher rates of readmissions and complications. J Orthop Trauma 2023 Oct; 37(10):485-91. doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002638..
Keywords: Elderly, Injuries and Wounds, Hospital Readmissions, Adverse Events
Giles C, Novakovic M, Hopman W
The quality of discharge summaries after acute kidney injury.
The objectives of this retrospective chart review were to determine the quality of discharge summaries in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients and to identify predictors for higher quality summaries. Researchers examined the discharge summaries for 300 randomly selected adult patients who survived a hospitalization with AKI at a tertiary care hospital in Ontario. Results showed that most discharge summaries were missing key AKI elements, even for patients with severe AKI. The researchers concluded that these gaps indicated opportunities for improving discharge summary communication following AKI.
AHRQ-funded; HS028060.
Citation: Giles C, Novakovic M, Hopman W . The quality of discharge summaries after acute kidney injury. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023 Jan-Dec; 10:20543581231199018. doi: 10.1177/20543581231199018..
Keywords: Kidney Disease and Health, Injuries and Wounds, Hospital Discharge
Jones EK, Ninkovic I, Bahr M
A novel, evidence-based, comprehensive clinical decision support system improves outcomes for patients with traumatic rib fractures.
This study鈥檚 objective to investigate if a traumatic rib fracture clinical decision support system (CDSS) reduced hospital length of stay (LOS), 90-day and 1-year mortality, unplanned ICU transfer, and the need for mechanical ventilation. The CDSS included an admission evidence-based (EB) order set and a pain-inspiratory-cough (PIC) score early warning system (EWS). The CDSS was implemented at 9 US trauma centers, with 3,279 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Hospital LOS pre vs post-intervention was unchanged but unplanned transfer to the ICU was reduced, as was 1-year mortality. Provider utilization was associated with significantly reduced LOS. The EWS triggered on 34.4% of patients; however, it was not associated with a significant reduction in hospital LOS.
AHRQ-funded; HS026379.
Citation: Jones EK, Ninkovic I, Bahr M . A novel, evidence-based, comprehensive clinical decision support system improves outcomes for patients with traumatic rib fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2023 Aug 1; 95(2):161-71. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003866..
Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Health Information Technology (HIT), Evidence-Based Practice, Injuries and Wounds, Trauma
Nguyen JK, P P
Comparison of survival outcomes among older adults with major trauma after trauma center versus non-trauma center care in the United States.
This study鈥檚 objective was to compare level 1 and 2 trauma centers with similarly sized non-trauma centers on survival after major trauma among older adults. The authors used claims of 100% of 2012-2017 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who received hospital care after major trauma. They assessed the roles of prehospital care, hospital quality, and volume. Thirty-day mortality was higher overall at level 1 versus non-trauma centers by 2.2 percentage points (pp). Thirty-day mortality was higher at level 1 versus non-trauma centers by 2.3 pp for falls and 2.3 pp for motor vehicle crashes. Outcomes were similar at level 1 and 2 trauma centers. The difference was not explained by hospital quality and volume. There were also no statistical differences in the ambulance-transported group, after adjusting for prehospital variables.
AHRQ-funded; HS025720.
Citation: Nguyen JK, P P . Comparison of survival outcomes among older adults with major trauma after trauma center versus non-trauma center care in the United States. Health Serv Res 2023 Aug; 58(4):817-27. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14148..
Keywords: Elderly, Trauma, Outcomes, Injuries and Wounds, Emergency Department, Hospitals
Ortiz D, Perkins AJ, Fuchita M
Pre-existing anxiety and depression in injured older adults: an under-recognized comorbidity with major health implications.
The purpose of this retrospective post-hoc analysis study was to evaluate variations in baseline depression and anxiety screenings between older injured patients with pre-existing diagnoses and those without. Data from the Trauma Medical Home, a multicenter randomized controlled trial was used for analysis. The study found that almost 50% of the patients screened positive for at least mild depressive symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and 41% of the patients screened positive for at least mild anxiety symptoms as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Female patients with a history of concurrent anxiety and depression, greater injury severity scores, and higher Charlson scores were more likely to have mild anxiety at the baseline assessment. Patients with a history of depression only, a prior history of depression and concurrent anxiety, and higher Charlson scores (greater medical comorbidity) were more likely to have experienced at least mild depression at the time of hospital discharge after traumatic injury.
AHRQ-funded; HS026390.
Citation: Ortiz D, Perkins AJ, Fuchita M . Pre-existing anxiety and depression in injured older adults: an under-recognized comorbidity with major health implications. Ann Surg Open 2022 Dec; 3(4):e217. doi: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000217..
Keywords: Elderly, Anxiety, Depression, Behavioral Health, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Injuries and Wounds
Eisenberg MT, Block AM, Vopat ML
Rates of infection after ACL reconstruction in pediatric and adolescent patients: a MarketScan database study of 44,501 patients.
This study鈥檚 objective was to describe and analyze the rates of surgical site infections after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery in pediatric patients. The Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database was used to access data for privately insured individuals aged 5 to 30 years old. ACL reconstruction operation records were accessed for operations performed from 2006 to 2018. The database identified 44,501 individuals up to 18 years old, and 63,495 individuals aged 18 to 30 years old that underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. No differences in infection rates were found between the two groups. However, among patients younger than 18 years, patients below 15 years old had a significantly lower infection rate at 0.37% compared with adolescents 15 to 17 years old at 0.55%. Among young adults, males had a higher infection rate than females, while no differences were observed in the pediatric and adolescent population.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Eisenberg MT, Block AM, Vopat ML . Rates of infection after ACL reconstruction in pediatric and adolescent patients: a MarketScan database study of 44,501 patients. J Pediatr Orthop 2022 Apr;42(4):e362-e66. doi: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000002080..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Surgery, Orthopedics, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Injuries and Wounds
Chen C, Winterstein AG, Lo-Ciganic WH
Concurrent use of prescription gabapentinoids with opioids and risk for fall-related injury among older US Medicare beneficiaries with chronic noncancer pain: a population-based cohort study.
This study compared the risk of fall-related injury in two cohorts who used gabapentinoids concurrently with opioid use and those who used opioids only. The authors created 2 cohorts based on whether concurrent users initiated gabapentinoids on the day of opioid initiation (Cohort 1) or after opioid initiation (Cohort 2). Both cohorts were identified from a sample of older Medicare beneficiaries with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Four concurrent users were matched up with 1 opioid-only user. They identified 6,733 concurrent users and 27,092 matched opioid-only users in Cohort 1 and 5,709 concurrent users and 22,388 matched opioid-only users in Cohort 2. Cohort 1鈥檚 incidence rate of fall-related injury was 24.5 per 100 person-users during follow-up and was 18.0 per 100-person-years during follow-up for Cohort 2. Concurrent users had had similar risk of fall-related injury as opioid-only users in Cohort 1 but had higher risk for fall-related injury than opioid-only users in Cohort 2.
AHRQ-funded; HS027230.
Citation: Chen C, Winterstein AG, Lo-Ciganic WH . Concurrent use of prescription gabapentinoids with opioids and risk for fall-related injury among older US Medicare beneficiaries with chronic noncancer pain: a population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2022 Mar;19(3):e1003921. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003921..
Keywords: Elderly, Opioids, Medication, Medication: Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Falls, Patient Safety, Injuries and Wounds, Pain, Chronic Conditions
Ernest EC, Hellar A, Varallo J
Reducing surgical site infections and mortality among obstetric surgical patients in Tanzania: a pre-evaluation and postevaluation of a multicomponent safe surgery intervention.
This study evaluated the impact of a multicomponent safe surgery intervention in Tanzania to reduce surgical site infection (SSI) rates and mortality after caesarean sections (CS). The authors used the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) to measure WHO SSC utilization, SSI rates, and CS-related perioperative mortality rates (POMRs) before and 18 months after implementation. The SSC utilization rate for CS increased from 3.7% to 95.1%, which decreased the proportion of women with SSI after CS from 14% during baseline to 1%. CS-related POMR decreased by 38.5% after implementation of safe surgery interventions as well.
AHRQ-funded; HS024235.
Citation: Ernest EC, Hellar A, Varallo J . Reducing surgical site infections and mortality among obstetric surgical patients in Tanzania: a pre-evaluation and postevaluation of a multicomponent safe surgery intervention. BMJ Glob Health 2021 Dec;6(12). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006788..
Keywords: Maternal Health, Pregnancy, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Surgery, Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events, Patient Safety
Goyal MK, Drendel AL, Chamberlain JM
Racial/ethnic differences in ED opioid prescriptions for long bone fractures: trends over time.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether racial and/or ethnic differences in provision of outpatient opioid prescriptions for children discharged from the ED with long bone fractures have decreased over time. Findings showed that, as provision of opioid prescriptions declined over time, previously marked racial and/or ethnic disparities in opioid
prescription rates at ED discharge decreased.
AHRQ-funded; HS020270.
Citation: Goyal MK, Drendel AL, Chamberlain JM . Racial/ethnic differences in ED opioid prescriptions for long bone fractures: trends over time. Pediatrics 2021 Nov;148(5):e2021052481. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-052481..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Opioids, Emergency Department, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Injuries and Wounds, Pain, Medication
Magee LA, Ranney ML, Fortenberry JD
Identifying nonfatal firearm assault incidents through linking police data and clinical records: cohort study in Indianapolis, Indiana, 2007-2016.
Nonfatal firearm assault incidents are more prevalent than gun homicides, however, little is understood about nonfatal firearm assault incidents due to a lack of accurate data in the United States. This is a descriptive study of all nonfatal firearm assault incidents identified through police and clinical records from 2007 to 2016 in Indianapolis, Indiana.
AHRQ-funded; HS023318.
Citation: Magee LA, Ranney ML, Fortenberry JD . Identifying nonfatal firearm assault incidents through linking police data and clinical records: cohort study in Indianapolis, Indiana, 2007-2016. Prev Med 2021 Aug;149:106605. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106605..
Keywords: Injuries and Wounds
Song J, Woo K, Shang J
Predictive risk models for wound infection-related hospitalization or ED visits in home health care using machine-learning algorithms.
Wound infection is prevalent in home healthcare (HHC) and often leads to hospitalizations. However, none of the previous studies of wounds in HHC have used data from clinical notes. Therefore, in this paper, the authors created a more accurate description of a patient's condition by extracting risk factors from clinical notes to build predictive models to identify a patient's risk of wound infection in HHC.
AHRQ-funded; HS024915.
Citation: Song J, Woo K, Shang J . Predictive risk models for wound infection-related hospitalization or ED visits in home health care using machine-learning algorithms. Adv Skin Wound Care 2021 Aug;34(8):1-12. doi: 10.1097/01.Asw.0000755928.30524.22..
Keywords: Home Healthcare, Injuries and Wounds, Risk, Hospitalization
Narla S, Silverberg JI
The inpatient burden and comorbidities of pyoderma gangrenosum in adults in the United States.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, predictors, outcomes, and costs of hospitalization for pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) in United States adults. Data from the 2002-2012 National Inpatient Sample were analyzed. Findings showed that PG admissions were more likely at teaching and medium or large hospitals. The majority of inpatients with PG were classified with minor or moderate likelihood of dying, but moderate and major loss of function. PG was associated with numerous other health disorders. This study demonstrated a substantial and increasing inpatient burden of PG in the United States, with considerable disability and mortality risk, multiple comorbid health disorders, and costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Narla S, Silverberg JI . The inpatient burden and comorbidities of pyoderma gangrenosum in adults in the United States. Arch Dermatol Res 2021 May;313(4):245-53. doi: 10.1007/s00403-020-02098-7..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Skin Conditions, Injuries and Wounds, Hospitalization, Healthcare Costs
O'Hara NN, Mullins CD, Slobogean GP
Association of postoperative infections after fractures with long-term income among adults.
This retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between postoperative infection in patients with surgically treated fractures and long-term income loss. Out of 11,673 adults who underwent surgery to treat fractures of the extremities or pelvis from 2003-2016, a total of 3.5% had a postoperative infection. These infections were associated with a $6080 annual decrease in household income in the 6 years after injury. There was a 6.6% increase in the risk of catastrophic wage loss within 2 years of the fracture and a 45% increase in the odds of receiving Social Security benefits. However, postoperative infections were not associated with an increase in the value of the Social Security benefits received.
AHRQ-funded; HS027218.
Citation: O'Hara NN, Mullins CD, Slobogean GP . Association of postoperative infections after fractures with long-term income among adults. JAMA Netw Open 2021 Apr;4(4):e216673. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.6673..
Keywords: Surgery, Injuries and Wounds, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Healthcare Costs
O'Hara NN, Slobogean GP, Klazinga NS
Analysis of patient income in the 5 years following a fracture treated surgically.
Investigators characterized the association between orthopedic injury and patient income using state tax records. They found that, in this cohort study of patients surgically treated for an orthopedic fracture at a US academic trauma center, fractures were associated with substantial individual and household income loss up to 5 years after injury, and 1 in 5 patients sustained catastrophic income loss in the 2 years after fracture. Gains in Social Security benefits offset less than 10% of annual income losses.
AHRQ-funded; HS027218.
Citation: O'Hara NN, Slobogean GP, Klazinga NS . Analysis of patient income in the 5 years following a fracture treated surgically. JAMA Netw Open 2021 Feb;4(2):e2034898. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.34898..
Keywords: Injuries and Wounds, Surgery, Orthopedics

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